By bizn_fun 
Ford’s higher-than-expected tariff bill underscores the volatility automakers continue to face as they grapple with tariff costs and lobby for exemptions from the levies.
Separately, Ford had previously disclosed a $19.5bn hit as a result of its shift away from electric vehicle plans. Those charges also contributed to its fourth-quarter net loss of $11.1bn.
The vehicle manufacturer had said it was backing away from plans to make large EVs, citing lacklustre demand and recent regulatory changes under Trump. The business case for leaning heavily into EV production, specifically large-sized EV models, has “eroded”, the company had said.
Ford is instead investing in producing profitable hybrid and gas-powered vehicles and smaller, more affordable EV models.
The carmaker’s decision to alter its EV plans followed a similar announcement from General Motors in October. General Motors said it would take a $1.6bn hit as it rolls back its EV ambitions amid weakening demand.